PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is a widely used technique for controlling the speed of DC motors. It works by rapidly switching the power supplied to the motor on and off at a high frequency. The speed of the motor is controlled by varying the duty cycle of the PWM signal.
How It Works:
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The PWM signal is a square wave with a fixed frequency.
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The duty cycle refers to the percentage of time the signal is ON during one cycle.
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Higher duty cycle = more power delivered = higher speed.
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Lower duty cycle = less power delivered = lower speed.
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For example:
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100% duty cycle = full power = motor runs at full speed.
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50% duty cycle = half power = motor runs at half speed.
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0% duty cycle = no power = motor is off.
Advantages:
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Efficient: Very little power is wasted as heat.
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Smooth control: Precise adjustment of motor speed.
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Longer motor life: Reduces wear compared to variable resistance control.
Applications:
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Robotics
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Electric vehicles
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Industrial automation
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Fans and pumps
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